First Amendment Paper - 1414 Words

First Amendment Paper The First Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is our rights as citizens living in the United States of America. In this paper I will look at three provisions to the First Amendment, highlighting one case for each provision. Included are one case to discuss freedom of speech, one case to discuss separation of church and state and one case to discuss freedom of association. 1.) Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 1: Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech. The United States Supreme Court overturned a disturbing the peace†¦show more content†¦This case affects all of us today because it prevents local and federal government determine what is appropriate or over the line when we are expressing ourselves. 2.) Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 2: McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with separation of church and state. This case was argued at the United States Supreme Court to the power of a state to use tax money to support public schools to provide religious instruction. Vashti McCollum an atheist objected to the religious classes being provided by the Champaign public school district. McCollum argued that the school district violated the First Amendment, the principle of separation of church and state. a.) Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948) was first decided in the circuit court of Champaign County in favor of the school district. McCollum then appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court that held the lower court’s ruling. McCollum finally appealed to the United States Supreme Court that agreed to hear her case. The Courts decision was in favor or Vashti McCollum by a vote of 8-1ruling that the religious classes was unconstitutional. Justice Hugo Black statedShow MoreRelatedFirst Amendment Paper1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Amendment Freedom is being breached all over the U.S and most of it is being taken away from the press. Sure the Patriot Act is killing everyones privacy in secrecy all over the US, but journalists and reporters are being put in jail right and left. The government has infringed on their rights in a way that should not be with the first amendment. It seems like the more people let the government do, the more steps the government takes to take first amendment rights from people. ForRead MoreReflections on the First Amendment Paper1627 Words   |  7 PagesReflections on the First Amendment Paper Ephraim Iivula HIS/301 May 29, 2011 Kenneth Johnston University of Phoenix Reflections on the First Amendment According to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, andRead MoreReflecting on Religious Expression and School Prayer Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagesreligious expression and school prayer, which will be explored throughout this paper. The Larger Context The relationship between religion and government in America is governed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, which both prevents the government from establishing religion and protects privately initiated religious expression and activities from government interference and discrimination. The First Amendment establishes limits on the conduct of public school officials as it relates to religiousRead MoreThe Debate Over School Prayer1096 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will examine the topic of prayer in school. School prayer has remained a subject of national debate in the United States. This freedom has slowly but surely been taken away from students across the country. By bringing to light the laws pertaining to prayer in schools, understanding the current situation in schools, and rewriting school policy regarding prayer, this travesty can be avoided before it grows further. The dispute over school prayer has stemmed from the government s viewsRead MoreQuestions On The Law Of The United States1387 Words   |  6 PagesRachel Pratt EDUC-A 308 24 March 2015 Issue Paper Detailed Outline Step One: Summarize the issue you have chosen and state the position you will argue. I am going to argue that the fourth grade teacher who posted a banner in his room that said â€Å"What Would Jesus Do?† has violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. In order to avoid violating this clause, the banner must pass every prong of the Lemon test. However, this particular banner does not. Step Two: List the legal standardsRead MorePosition Paper1680 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Paper Introduction Looking back over the past two hundred and seven years, every session of the United States Senate has been opened with a prayer. Doing so has reaffirmed the Senates faith that God is the Sovereign Lord of our Nation. Barry C. Black currently serves as the spiritual advisor and counselor for the United States Senate with the title of Chaplin. Over the years, this position has ranged from part time, to now a full time position (United States Senate, 2011). EverRead MoreA Violation Of The Espionage Laws1407 Words   |  6 Pagespublishment of the Pentagon Papers would be a violation of the Espionage Laws. Despite this warning, the editor proceeded to publish articles. When the case was considered by the United States Supreme Court, the ruling was 6-3, which established a precedent that allowed publication of sensitive information, even if the government tried to mask it from the people (The Pentagon Papers: Free- At Last 22). Because of the New York Times v. United States court decision, the First Amendment right of freedom ofRead MoreEssay on Reflection on the First Amendment1362 Words   |  6 Pagesguarantees for civil liberties. To provide such guarantees, the First Amendment along with the other nine Amendments known as the Bill of Rights were submitted to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789 and adopted on December 15, 1791. This was a guarantee of the essential rights and liberties that were omitted in the origin al documents. A series of cases will be presented in this paper to provide a clear idea of the First Amendment. Cases that have cause an impact in society and have changedRead MoreHazelwood School District Vs. Kuleimer1120 Words   |  5 Pagesin Missouri, made the final edition of the school newspaper. They then gave the newspaper to the adviser, Howard Emerson, who wa a newbie. He gave the principal the final review of the paper before it was published. When the principal, Reynolds, reviewed the paper, there were 2 articles that he didn’t like. The first article was about teen pregnancy, including some comments from students that were pregnant at the school. Names weren’t given, but Reynolds thought there was too much information on theRead MoreWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 Pageswas to be added to the Constitution and once the government went ot action the first item on the agenda was the Bill of Rights to be made. The Bill of Rights purpose was to clearly stat e the individual rights of American citizens. All ten Amendments in the Bill of rights are significant for protecting the right of the citizens but Amendment One the freedom of speech, religion, press, and petition, the Fourth Amendment gives the protection of unreasonable search and seizure without a search warrant

Iranian High School Differences Of The United States

Iranian high School Differences In the United States, Americans often talk about how important it is to have an education. Without having a high school diploma in the United States, adults would not be able to enter in the workforce easily, enroll in college and enlist in the Army. Adolescents in different locations of the world do not get to choose what they want to do in the future. Some countries have to earn their high school diplomas by passing numerous tests. There some countries in the world that have to take an examination before they enter into high school. If they enter in a good high school, it can also lead them to have a better life for themselves. Teenagers never understand what it would be like to live in a place that education that students had to study repeatedly during the holidays or vacations. Some Americans do not value how can you get an education for freedom and students are not being discriminated by their race, religion or gender. The difference of the school calendar, mandatory classes th at student have to take, competitive entrance exams that help the students and the grading system defines the difference of North Carolina High School and high school in Iran. Every country in the world has a different Academic calendar. Iranian schools operate from Saturday to Thursday and have 200 days of school. In Ashe County, there is one hundred eighty days of school that operated from Monday to Friday. Ashe County usually start on the second week of AugustShow MoreRelatedThe Iranian Revolution1494 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Persians. During Reza Shah’s reign in Iran, Israel and Iran cooperated on many levels as they were united by a common enemy and shared interests. However, there has always been a substantial ideological split between the Iranian theocracy focused on the triumph of Islam, and a Jewish state dedicated to the security of its people. Thus, these close relations ended abruptly after the 1979 Iranian Revolution when Ayatollah Khomeini, a leader devoted to traditional Islamic religious values, took powerRead MoreThe Dual Legacies Of Discrimination Against Ethnic Minorities And The Country s Uneven Economic Development1301 Words   |  6 Pagescountry’s periphery remains an economic backwater. Although the Iranian economy has been growing, the symptoms of underdevelopment remain acute in Iran’s ethnic enclaves. Discrimination, compounded by poor economic conditions, could motivate ethnic groups to challenge the Iranian government in the future. A combination of state-sponsored suppression of Azeri sentiment (during the Pahlavi rule) and a massive integration movement toward the Iranian mainstream (under the Islamic regime) has prevented the riseRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Independent Republic Of Azerbaijan1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthan in igniting an ethnically-based separatist movement. 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The government however has faced lots of criticism internationally from the Western World, including the European Union, United States, United Kingdom and man Human Rights Activists. The countryRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi And I Am Nujood1495 Words   |  6 Pagesother cultures for the differences from one’s own culture, come from American pride and the patriotism that the country gives. Having these ideals one can see that some Americans are even question their own culture, and are constantly changing it due to the surge of countercultures and trend setters. From the texts The Complete Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi and I Am Nujood by Nujood Ali one can observe how western culture has affected people who are not raised with in Iranian and Yemini cultures, andRead MorePersepolis : The Story Of An Iranian Child Meeting Westernized Culture1205 Words   |  5 Pages Persepolis: the story of an Iranian child meeting Westernized culture Works in Translation Paper English A: Literature HL Catalina Pino-Rios XXXXX (Candidate Number) Mrs. Smithson May 2017 Bethesda Chevy Chase High School Word Count: 1207 Many people from around the world have a different perspectives of what western culture really is depending on where you are in the world, or what cultures and religions you follow. Some see is at a place of wealthRead MoreCollisions on the ground are of grave importance as well. 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How the American Legal System and Business is impacted Free Essays

1. Introduction This paper seeks to examine the economical effect, if any, upon what the legal system requires of business in America, from a sole proprietor, to a corporation. The paper will also have to look at the costs imposed on operating a business for obtaining a business license, advertising, filing fees paid to the State, and all such costs and within a State, City, and County. We will write a custom essay sample on How the American Legal System and Business is impacted or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Analysis and Discussion The conduct of any business in any part of the world is regulated by the government and therefore business activities are governed by laws locally and on the state level. As to why the government impost cost to conducting business is based on basically two state powers, which are the police power (Lee, 1973) and the power of taxation.   In regulating the business entities and the latter are activities, the government has the best of intentions of promoting public welfare. Hence, under the local level of government, there can be imposed local permits fees and license fees that must be paid by business operators whenever these entities are sole proprietorship, partnership or corporations are to start in operating their business.     Ã‚  Since these fees are being imposes to recover the cost of government in allowing the conduct of business, such power of the state from local to national is being imposed by the exercise of police power of the state by the local level government. Being therefore cost of regulation, the amount of cost is rather fixed and rates may be more or less the same for the group of similar type of business industry. Still pursuant to the police power of the state, the government enforces the laws of business and administers justice where business entities complain of violations of commercial laws. To illustrate the point, business entities enter into contracts and in certain cases it could happen there could refusal to comply with the obligations created out of contracts.   The parties cannot put the law into their hands, thus there must be a court systems that must settle the issues between the parties.   One may therefore clearly see the relevance of the legal system which is part of doing business.   Since legal system entails services rendered by government, it should not be a surprise when government courts require the payment of filing fees as cost of pursuing justice on the part of business entities. But since government does not only interfere from the local level but also at state level, another form of charges are imposed under the state’s power of taxation.   Since the power of taxation (Goode, 1951) involves the revenue generating power of the government, the government may impose several forms of taxes such as income taxes and value added tax. Income tax (Goode; 1976; Smith, et. al, 1958) is a tax based on the financial earning capacity of the business entities, which may include sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. Under this kind of taxation, the state is charging taxes on the basis of an assumed obligation of the taxpayer-entities to the state in return for the service given by the state to the business entities in the form of security and protection and other services by reason for its being a government that needs funds to defray its expenses. Another form of taxation which may also be imposed by the local levels of government if provided in their city charters, are the business taxation. This may take the form of sales tax or the more familiar business taxes. As distinguish from income taxation, business taxation, charges the taxpayer for having been given the privilege of operating a business. Such kind of taxes is normally based on the amount of gross receipts, or sales revenues as basis for output tax but subject to certain deductions for claims like input taxes to reduce the taxes payable to the government. Surely the effect of these charges economically could just be huge that could affect the operation of doing business. Since business entities operate under the idea of being profitable to be able to recover cost expended in business, the amount of taxes, charges and licenses should not be too prohibitive as to discourage business from doing business. This might be apparent for business taxes in the form of excise tax (Fossen, 2002) on cigarettes and wines or the so called ‘sin taxes’. This kind of taxes are also in the nature of excise taxes and therefore part of the business taxes like the sales tax or value added tax. It may be observed that the higher amount of taxes imposed on certain taxes like ‘sin taxes’ manifests the intention of the government to control the consumption of said good because these products may not be essentially be good to people because of health effects. To illustrate the point, the government prohibiting smoking in public place may have already prohibited TV advertising of the industry’ products because of the effect of the industry on public health only that the government cannot completely ban the sale of these products. Hence, being tied with its hands to limit production without violating the laws of commerce, the government resort to higher taxes to discourage consumption. 3. Conclusion It may be concluded that there are indeed effects of the legal system on how the business entities operates in a certain place.   To such the extent of these economic effects must be viewed in the context of the objective of governments in terms of its paramount purpose of encouraging entrepreneurship while ensuring compliance with laws that are conducive to protecting the life, health, employment and other need of its people. Since business entities could not be avoiding this government interference on business operations, they may just as well comply since these laws are also meant to protect them. Without regulation there could be chaos in society as privileges to operate business could be subject to abuse. Imposing charges to regulate is therefore justified in the exercise of the police power of the state. On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasize that governments also need to defray its expenses and the means to the attain the same is to impose several kind of taxes from business entities and individuals.   When viewed on a wider concept, business entities also need the government in terms of regulation and protection of its interest. Without the government administering the laws on commerce, business entities would be in dangerous situation since they would be operating as if they are playing basket ball without a referee who will tell them who is wrong and who is right in case one of the teams abuses its rights. If therefore the are no government to charge regulation cost and taxes, the law will just be useless because there would be no agent to implement the same. Hence, business entities are to accept the reality of these charges and taxes and factor them in computing profits. References: Fossen   (2002) Norfolk Island and Its Tax Haven; The Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 48, 2002 Goode (1951) The Corporation Income Tax; Wiley Goode (1976) The Individual Income Tax; Brookings Institution Lee   (1973) A History of Regulatory Taxation; University Press of Kentucky, 1973 Smith, et. al (1958) Income Tax Differentials; Tax Institute of America How to cite How the American Legal System and Business is impacted, Essay examples

Car Data Statistical Analysis

Question: Describe about the Report on Car Data Statistical Analysis? Answer: Statistical data analysis plays an important role in decision making. Here, we analyse the data for different types of cars. We study the price of the cars and other related variables of the cars. We check whether there is any significant variable which effects on the price of the car. We also check whether there is any linear relationship exists between the mileage of the car and price of the car. We see some descriptive statistics for given variables. The data is collected for the 73 cars. The method of random sampling is used for data collection. All selected cars are of same make and model. The make of the car is Chevrolet and model of the cars is cavalier. We select the four characteristics or variables given as price, mileage, trim and type from given data set. Data is accessed from different online and offline sources. Data is collected from websites such as https://www.autotrader.co.uk/ and https://www.carsource.co.uk/. Data is given in the appendix section. After data collec tion, the next important step is data analysis or statistical analysis. In statistical data analysis, we use some statistical tools and statistical techniques. For this statistical analysis purpose, we used the SPSS statistical software for outputs for descriptive statistics, graphs and different tests. We use some descriptive statistics for summarising the variables given in the data set. We also use some inferential statistics to check some claims about the car data. We have to check the relationship between the given variables. We have to see some graphical analysis for given variables. We have to see some inferential statistics or testing of hypothesis for checking our claims regarding the given car data. After statistical analysis, we made some conclusions regarding the car data. The scatter diagram for the variables price of the car and mileage of the car shows that there is negative association or linear relationship exists. The correlation coefficient between price and mileage is given as -0.84, this means, there is a high negative linear relationship or association or correlation exists between the price and mileage of the car. This means, as there is an increment in the price of the car, there is decrement in the mileage of the car or vice versa. About 70.6% of the variation in the price is explained by the mileage of the car. The average price of the car is given as 19431. The minimum price is noted as 8500 while maximum price is noted as 32950. The average mileage of the car is given as 44992 units. The minimum mileage is observed as 3558 units and maximum mileage observed as 154000 units. The value for coefficient of determination or R square is given as 0.706 which means, ab out 70.6% of the variation in the price is explained by the mileage of the car. The regression equation for this regression model is given as below: Price = 24920.172 0.122*mileage We use this regression model because the correlation between price and mileage is high however all other correlations are significant. Some of the descriptive statistics for the price of the cars is summarise as below: Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Std. Deviation Price 73 8500.00 32950.00 1418463.00 19431.0000 5112.65422 Valid N (listwise) 73 The average price of the cars is given as 19431 approximately and the minimum price of the car is observed as 8500 approximately. The maximum price of the car is observed as 32950 approximately. Standard deviation is given as 5112.65 and the values for skewness and kurtosis are negative values so we can conclude that the data skewed at negative side or left side from the mean. The descriptive statistics for the mileage of the cars is summarising as below: Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Std. Deviation Mileage 73 3558.00 154000.00 3284459.00 44992.5890 35203.72920 Valid N (listwise) 73 Five number summaries for the price of the car is given as below: Five-Number Summary Minimum 10546.78 First Quartile 12126.9 Median 12944.94 Third Quartile 13725.45 Maximum 15053.93 The five-number summary for the mileage of the car is given as below: Five-Number Summary Minimum 1160 First Quartile 15794 Median 20043 Third Quartile 25031 Maximum 39946 The residual analysis for the given regression model is summarising as below: Residuals Statisticsa Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N Predicted Value 6131.9106 24486.0898 19431.0000 4294.91472 73 Residual -7507.92676 8818.44629 .00000 2773.61510 73 Std. Predicted Value -3.096 1.177 .000 1.000 73 Std. Residual -2.688 3.157 .000 .993 73 a. Dependent Variable: Price Residual mean is given as zero with the standard deviation of 2773, this suggests that the model is a balanced model. For checking the claim whether the mileage for different engine size is same or not, we have to use the one way analysis of variance. The null and alternative hypothesis is given as: null hypothesis: The mileage for different engine size is same. Alternative hypothesis: The mileage for different engine size is not same. For checking this claim, we have to use the one way ANOVA test. The p-value for this ANOVA test is given as 0.482 which is greater than level of significance or alpha value 0.05, so we do not reject the null hypothesis. The correlation coefficient between price and mileage found as -0.84, this means there is high negative correlation or association or linear relationship exists between the price and mileage. The correlation coefficient between price and engine size is given as 0.278 while the correlation coefficient between the price and gearbox size is given as 0.161. The correlation coefficient between the price and age or year is given as 0.736 which is high positive correlation. This means, for two variables mileage and age, the correlations found as high or strong. The correlation matrix is given in the appendix section. Detailed data analysis with figures and complete data is given in the appendix section. Conclusions: The correlation coefficient between price and mileage is given as -0.84, this means, there is a high negative linear relationship or association or correlation exists between the price and mileage of the car. This means, as there is an increment in the price of the car, there is decrement in the mileage of the car or vice versa. The value for coefficient of determination or R square is given as 0.702 which means, about 70.2% of the variation in the price is explained by the mileage of the car. The correlation coefficient between the price and age is given as 0.736, this mean, there is high correlation or association or linear relationship exists between two variables price and age. Two most correlated variables are price and mileage of the car. Average mileage for the cars with different engines is same.